Rachel, these are such valuable insights! I think it's hard for any of us to really empathize with the immigrant experience until we've actually been there.
I've visited Montreal a few times and I'm always struck by how foreign I feel there. It has everything to do with only knowing a smattering of the language and not being able to communicate effectively. You are so right that it is scary to ask for information. When I did muster up some of my rusty French to ask a question, most of the time, I couldn't understand the answer. Very disorienting!
"Bilingual signage is beautiful." So true. It's a language instruction tool.
Good luck with your residency application. Let us know how your "immigrant experience" goes and what you find that helps you the most. Thanks for sharing.